Is nutrition intervention an essential component to the management of Essay

Is nutrition intervention an essential component to the man erament of diabetes in the ELDERLY - Essay shellThe prevalence of type 2 DM has nearly doubled over the past 25 years, with reliable groups - native Americans, Hispanics, and African-Americans - at particularly high risk of developing the disease (HORNICK & ARON, 2008).Diabetes is the fifth leading obtain of death by disease in the United States, killing approximately 225,000 people each year. The postulate cost of diabetes is $92 one thousand thousand a year, representing 11 percent of total health care expenditures in the U.S. (Hayashi, 2007).At least 20% of persons 65 years of age or above and 26% of long care facility residents have diabetes, and the annual cost of caring for the latter is estimated at $6 billion (American Diabetes Association, 2008) (Pandya, 2003). Older diabetics are two to three times more likely to need hospital gateway than their non-diabetic counterparts (Damsgaard, Froland, & Green, 1987). An analysis of the 1999-2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), including subjects over 65 y.o. and type 2 DM, found an alarmingly high prevalence of comorbid conditions in this population 31.5% had renal insufficiency, 20.2% had a history of myocardial infarction, and 17.9% had heart failure (Suh, Kim, Choi, & Plauschinat, 2007).Physiologic and pathologic changes of ageing whitethorn concur to induce malnutrition. After the age of 65, weight injustice occurs at rate of up to 0.65 kg/year (Lehmann & Bassey, 1996), although there is substantial wavering between individuals. A decline in muscle mass begins from 30 to 40 years of age, and continues into move old age (Elia, 1992). Failure to thrive in the elderly was described as a syndrome manifested by weight loss greater than 5% of baseline, decreased appetite, poor nutrition, and inactivity, oft accompanied by dehydration, depressive symptoms, impair immune function, and low cholesterol levels. (Lonergan , 1991) It is estimated that 15 to 50 percent of Americans over the age of 65 finish too few calories, protein or essential vitamins and minerals for good health. (2007) The various causes of malnutrition can be summarized in a useful mnemonic Meals On Wheels(2007) Medications, including digoxin, diuretics, anti-inflammatory agents, antacids, H2-blockers, antidepressants, anticonvulsants etc, which may induce side effects like anorexia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, cognitive disturbance and increased metabolism, Emotional problems, such as depression, Anorexia (loss of appetite), commonly due to age-related changes in taste and smell, Late-life paranoia,Swallowing problems (dysphagia), that may arise from poor teeth, ill-fitting dentures, gastroesophageal reflux disease, stroke, Parkinsons disease, or throat tumors,Oral factors, like tooth loss and periodontal disease,Neoplasia, Wandering, in the setting of Alzheimers disease and other forms of dementia, which are often associated w ith poor feeding,Hypermetabolic disorders, Enteric problems or malabsorption, Eating difficulties, because of impaired vision, disturbed motor function, or physical disabilities like arthritis or Parkinsons disease, Low-salt and low-cholesterol diets, often resulting in reduced intake due to poor taste, Social problems, including poverty, lack of care, and poor living conditions. in that respect are severals